What type of damages are considered 'special damages'?

Special damages refer to measurable financial losses that a plaintiff can prove in a legal claim. They are distinct from general damages, which are more subjective and often involve non-economic losses. Medical bills and repair costs exemplify special damages because they represent concrete, quantifiable expenses incurred due to an injury or loss. These types of damages may include costs for medical treatment, rehabilitation, lost wages, and property damage, all of which can be documented with receipts, invoices, and other forms of evidence.

In contrast, the other options presented pertain to general damages or intangible losses. Subjective judgments do not represent a quantifiable financial impact, and pain and suffering, while significant, are considered general damages due to the subjective nature of evaluating emotional distress or physical discomfort. Permanent disabilities also fall under general damages as they encompass long-term effects that may not have a specified financial equivalent. Thus, medical bills and repair costs clearly align with the definition of special damages, making them the correct answer.