Which best describes civil liability?

Civil liability refers to the legal responsibility of an individual or entity to compensate another party for harm or damages that their actions (or inactions) have caused. This concept is a fundamental principle in tort law, where the focus is on rectifying wrongs that do not necessarily arise from a breach of contract, but from actions that result in injury or damage to another person or their property.

When someone is found to have civil liability, they may be required to pay damages as compensation to the injured party. This can include medical expenses, lost wages, pain and suffering, and other forms of restitution. Understanding civil liability is crucial because it emphasizes accountability and the importance of adhering to legal standards that protect individuals and their rights.

The other options do not align with the concept of civil liability. A financial penalty for breaking a contract pertains more to breach of contract liability, while the obligation to pay taxes is a regulatory responsibility rather than a response to damages caused. Lastly, a negligent act causing personal harm could lead to civil liability, but it is not a complete definition, as it fails to encompass the broader responsibility for compensating harm resulting from such acts.